JERUSALEM THORN (Parkinsonia aculeata) Flowers late Summer. Tolerant of hot and cold temperatures. Grazing food for browsing cattle and goats. Insect pollinators attracted to its flowers. Its green bark photosynthesises reducing its dependency on dense foilage, avoiding water loss, helping it survive in very arid conditions.

PRICKLY GOLDENFLEECE (Urosspernum picroides flowers March to June. Roots nd l;eaves edible, high in nutrients. Used as an antiinflammatory and an antioxidant.

SWAMP SEA LAVENDER (Limonium narbonense) flowers March-August. Grows on sandy, salty ground on coast and salt marshes. Strong rootes stabilise the soil and help to remove pollution.. Pollinated by bees and butterflies. Antioxidant. Used for digestive and breathing problems and to stem bleeding.

SYRIAN MESQUITE (Prosopis farcta) native to the Middle East. Invasive. Roots can extend 20 metres into the soil and the plant can grow up to 2 metres high. Deep rootes counters soil salinity and maintains soil aeriation. A favourite of bees who are the principal pollinator. Drought resistant, Medically lowers cholesterol, acts as an antitooxicant. Helps relieve angina and heart problems.

PROSTRATE KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare)? Mildly toxic. Drought toler for ant. Grows in poor soil. Attracts wildlife. A low growing plant, thrives in compacted soil where other plants cannot grow. A prolific seed producer, which will survive harsh winters. Its deep rootes help to stabilize the soil where other plants will be able to grow. It is a food source for caterpillars of several species of moths and butterflies. Tolerant to drought. Fragrant. Insect magnet.

VIOLET SEA LAVENDER (Limonium virgatum) Flowers June to November. A prolific bloomer. Drought and salt tolerant. Pollinator magnet. An antitoxicant and antiinflamatory. Used in skin care.

EUROPEAN HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium europaeum) Common.flowers April-November. Survives in harsh conditions. Grows in arid soil producing numerous seeds which will survive in the ground for years until favorable conditions for growth return. Flowers follow the suns track across the sky, staying in bloom for longer, attracting more pollinators especially bees. Toxic.

BLUE PASSIONFLOWER (Passiflora caerulea) Flowers July-September.Produces a toxin that keeps most harmful feeders at bay but forms a symbiotic relationship with some butterflies, who immune to the toxin, lay eggs on the plant, and whose caterpillars eat the foilage while keeping away other more harmful feeders. Plant used to help relieve stress. Toxic to dogs and cats. Sweet tasting.

CAPER BUSH (Capparis spisnosa) Common, flowers May-August. Adapted to arid conditions, with deep root and to draw up groundwater and waxy leaves to reduce water loss. Flowers emerge only after sunset, sweet smelling, attracting moths and bees. Tender stem and flower buds pickled to make capers, young shoots served in salads. Buds and roots used as a diuretic and antiseptic, to treat eye complaints and the common cold, as a treatment for hardening of the arteries..

IODINE BUSH (Allenrolfea occidentalis) Native to South Africa spread throughout Mediterranean.Blooms July-November. Salt and drought tolerant. Grows in poor soil, stabilising the soil.

SLENDER LEAVED ICE PLANT (Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum) Native to South Africa spread throughout Meditteranean, Flowers April-July.. Spread by seeds carried in the water. Open its pores to collect carbon dioxide at night. Secretes salt in its leaves then disperses it back into the ground limiting the spread of possible competitors. Edible. Used as antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiseptic. Ingredient in soap and sunscreens.

WOOLY DISTAFF THISTLE (Carthamus lanatus) native to Mediterranean. Both self andiInsect pollinated with seeds falling to the ground around the plant in autumn. Seeds eaten by birds, dispersed in their droppings, germinating with winter rains. Seeds can survive in the ground for as long as 10 years before germination. Used to ease joint pain.

CROWN DAISY (Glebionis coronaria) Flowers end Feb-early June. Very common native plant. Strongly aromatic. Stems can be eaten as vegetables. Rich in fragrant oil, olio tanaceti, containing camphor. Flower heads used to kill internal parasites. Oil good for the skin and counters rheumatism.

SPOTTED GOLDENTHISTLE (Scolymus maculatus) flowers May-August. Has male and female organs pollinated by insects. Confined to lowlands prefering coastal habitats. Edible roots and shoots taste like asparagus.

BROADLEAF WILD LEEK (Alium ampeloprasum) Cyprus native. Flowers May-June. Remains dormant in the ground through the winter. Pollinated by bees and insects and can also self pollinate. Honey bees in particular attracted to its nectar, an important plant in supporting local bee populations. Its deep rootes help in soil retention. Toxic.